Guides

Practical guides to money, global business and the technology behind them.

Check before money moves. A secure login cannot establish that an incoming request is genuine.
payment fraud ·

Invoice Fraud: A Payment Check for Small Teams

Verify changed bank details and payment requests before a legitimate login moves money.

Small fees compound. Simplified calculation, no taxes or contributions; not a return forecast.
investing ·

Investment Fund Fees: Calculate Your Real Cost

Compare fund, platform and trading costs with a realistic holding period.

Keep authority outside the document. Reading a document does not grant it permission to change the task.
AI security ·

Prompt Injection: Keep Documents Out of Command

Stop instructions hidden in emails or documents from becoming unauthorised actions.

Read the dates separately. A future regime does not establish every protection today.
regulation ·

UK Crypto Regulation: What Changes, and When

Read the February 2026 legislation without treating future permissions as protection today.

Two thresholds, one cost decision. Include the loss of related input-VAT deductions in the comparison.
VAT ·

EU SME VAT Scheme: When the Exemption Helps

Compare the cross-border VAT exemption with input-tax costs before choosing it.

A name match has a limited scope. A match supports the first question; the business must answer the second.
bank transfers ·

Verification of Payee: What a Name Match Proves

Use bank name checks without mistaking a matching account for a trustworthy supplier.

Test the completed task. Correct output, permitted actions and repeatability are separate checks.
AI workflows ·

AI Agent Tests: Check the Work, Not the Demo

Build a small test set that checks completed tasks, permissions, errors and repeatability.

One identity. Separate role filings. Check the applicable window for each person and company.
company formation ·

Companies House Identity Checks: The PSC Guide

Being verified as a director does not complete your separate PSC filing.

Follow the custody chain. An on-screen balance does not answer every ownership question.
custody ·

Crypto Custody: Who Owns the Assets in a Failure?

Read custody contracts, identify subcustodians and separate legal ownership from a wallet balance.

Build the reserve in stages. Known annual bills stay in a separate budget.
cash reserves ·

Emergency Funds for an Irregular Income

Build a reserve around essential bills, late invoices and the time it takes to replace lost income.

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